Electrode.



W. H. ROWLEY.

ELECTRODE. APPucATloN FILED 11m15.191s.

Patented Oct. 12, 1915.

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' UNITED sTATEs PATENT OFFICE.'

WILLSON H. ROWLEY, 0F UNIVERSITY, MISSOURI.

ELEQTRODE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented ct. 12, 1915.

` Application'led December 16, 191-3. SerialiNo. $06,998.

vof my invention is to construct an electrode comprising metal leadfiber of minute and duct-ile filaments, many of which are designed tohave intimate contact with a supporting element, and the mass or body soarranged as to provide for permeation andI circulation of theelectrolyte and which arrangement of laments and ductility provide forthe growth of the filaments in the oxidation or forming of thefilaments.

A further object of my .invention is to provide an. electrode comprisingbodies o1 metal dead fiber in the form of ductile filaments arranged tobe supported on a grid with the filaments forming a porous veil.corrugated or roughened over the support- .ing grid, and many of thefilaments designed' to have intimate contact with the supportingelement, whereby to obtain a maximum of filament length in a' givenlength of supporting element and whereby the filaments having contactwith the supporting element, will become active material. And a furtherobject of my invention is to construct an electrode of the compositetype employing two forms of active material, one being metal lead`filaments and the other an oxide of lead, wherein the metal'lead havingthe characteristics above noted serves as envelops for an oxid, whichenvelops hold or space apart the body of l oXid from the surface of thesupporting element in order to'obvite zones upon the surface/ofthev oxidtnguishable from such plates wherein the oxid is pasted' or placed inimmediate con'- tact with the surfaces of the supporting ele--VVthii-:he aboyekpurposes'in view my4 incertain novel ffeatures offilaments body which will not` offer permeation of theV electrolyte, as-ds- 'their ends projecting beyond .the end construction and arrangementof parts as will be hereinafter more fully described,

pointed out in the claims and illustrated bythe accompanying drawings,in which--` Figure 1 shows in elevation an electrode constructedaccording to my invention, the upper and right handmargins being completed, and portions of the lower and the left hand margins -showing theends of the Y projecting beyond the margins of the grid, as before beingunited therewith; Fig. 2 is a plan of a strand'or group of metal leadfilaments; Fig. 3. is an end elevation of,L

one of tlie supportin elements showing the rib format-ion topro licechannels'to receive the strands of metallead fiber;v Fig. .4 is alongitudinal sectional elevationy of one 01' the frame'members taken atright angles to Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a showing a strand of place; Fig. 6 isa showing a body of oxid applied to the strand view .similar to Fig. 4

of metal lead fiber; Fig. 7 is a transversel a composite `platesectional elevation of taken on the line 7 7 of Fig.' 1; and Fig.

the metal lead fiber in v. view similar to Fig..5

8 is an enlarged fragmental longitudinal-` Fig. 1. Referring by ingdrawings:

sectional elevation taken on the line 8f8 of ably rectangular in shapeand each provided with a terminal such as l2.

Extending lengthwise 4of, eachframe are the parallel ribs or bars 13.

Between the numerals to the accompany- I 10 and 1l designate the framesof the electrodes which are preferpoints where the ribs 18 unitejI withthe trames the frames are reduced ink thickness in order to formchannels such as Each of the frames10 andi'11 carriesya transverse bar16.

which consist of continuousmetal lead filaesignates strands of metalyleadjber '100 ments. The strands 17 are placed in each,

channel 14 of each frame and, as l,shown Fig. 5, are'shaped over thegrid bars 15 with bers of the frames 10 and 11. p

' In this Pla-ing 0f the Strands wei-fig@ grid bars care should be takento avoid destruction o-f the porosity of the strand over v.the grid bar.

.1. g 18 designates a body of oXid of lead which Alia is-pasted orplaced'upon the screen, veil or envelop consisting of strands 17.

` -It is obvious that one face of the body 1S oxid will be corrugated orroughened due to the porosity of' the strands 17, {theoxid will possessa minutely divided surface in .addition to the corrugated surby reasonof its entering into the innumerable inteisticesof the porous strands ofmetal lead fibers.

By'reference to Figs. 7 and 8, it will be fobserved that the completeelectrode comy "rises two frames having the screens of "to the other ofeach` of the frames.

l, Asshown `in Fig. 1, the ends of the. iilaments entering into thescreen '19 extend beyond the sides of the frames. The two frames'carrying the screens and bodies of .Bis

T 'The two frames are then lead. oxid as-described, after being. placedtogether, are subjected to heat or to the flame of a burner which willunite the ends of the filaments entering into said screens, will unitethe ends of the filaments with the frame members, and also unite theframe members at some point of said connecting frames.

furthei' united llat/the bars 16, either byv rivets such as .20 f'shownin Fig. 1, or by Welding, which act )bars .the

will b rin into intimate contact with said laments of the strands 17 sothat in the event there is a strand broken between its ends, said brokenfilament will have at 4least one point of intimate contact with theframe, so that when it is put into service it `will not be isolated andwill of itself become @active material. By reason of the multipleofminutely divided surfaces of the active material in the form of oxid, itis obvious there'is active material immediately available for 'serviceand, by reason of the particles of the mi nutelyj divided surface beingin contact with metal lead filaments extending to and elecvlili.

" ment, there will trically connected with the supporting elebe animmediate and uninterrupted How of energy from these minute it isobvious that the electrolyte has. access,-

Vparticles'of active material.

`Due to the oXid bodies being enveloped in orous veils or envelops ofmetal lead fiber,

to the entire surface and body of the oXid,

the porous veil serving to hold and space apart the oxid body from thegrid bars of frames in order to `obviate e' supporting dead or inertzones upon the surface of the oXid body, as would be the case if theoxid body were pasted or -ilaced in immediate Contact .witlisaid gridars. i

Thile I have shown -and described a coinposite electrode having twoforms of active material, the oxid and the'metal lead fiber, I `do notwish to be understood as limiting myself to this arrangement for it isobvious that a highly efficient electrode may be constructed with themetal lead fiber alone as active materi al.

It is to be observed that I have arranged with great carefoi'.iininediate 'contact between each individual filament of the metallead fiber and the supporting frame in order to avoid isolated filamentswhich, of course. would be fiincti'onless. i

An important characteristic of my iinproved electrode lies in therelative arrangement of the individual filaments to avoid 'density orcompactness of the. body of filaments in order to provide for the growthof the filaments iii forming. oxidizing or sulphating, so that the bodyof' filaments may in itself provide and compensate for said growthrather than to impart strains ilicident to such growth to. the`supporting frames, thus'such an electrode will not buckle or bedistorted.

A further characteristic of my electrode.

of the composite type lies in the employment of a porous envelopconstructed of metal lead fiber possessing a sulicient body to preventshedding of the oxid.

I claim:

1. An electrode, comprising a frame in the foi-in of' a grid, a body ofactive maj teiial iii the form of liber, the indi\idua| filaments ofwhich are united with said frame and between their ends shaped over lsaid grid to produce an uneven surface.

2. An electrode, comprising a frame in the form ofa grid, a body ofactive material in the' form of fiber, the individual filaments of whichare united with said frame. and between their ends shaped over said gridto produce an uneven surface, active material comprising an oXid of leadapplied to said uneven sui-face.

3. In an electrode, a pair of frames comprising grids, a screen of'metal lead fiber. the filaments of which are. united with. said framesand shaped over said grids to produce uneven surfaces, and a body ofactive material comprising an oxid of lead envelopedl between saiduneven surfaces.

4. In an electrode, a pair of frames coinprisiiig grids, screens ofmetal lead fiber, the filaments of which are united with said frames andtheir bodies shaped over said grids topresent uneven surfaces, bodies'ofand a body of" active material comprising an v,oXid of lead oxid bodies,the filaments of which last inentioned screen are united with lsaidfranies.

5. In an electrode, a grid-like frame, a

body of active material in the form of a porous veil of meta-l lead,filaments secured to said frame and covering the grids there-d of, anda body of active material comprising an'oxid of lead supported by saidVeil and held separated fromA the grids of the frame by said veil.

6. In an electrode, a frame, a. porous envelop comprising looselyassembled metal lead filaments, each of which is designed to be united.with said frame, anda body comprising an oxid of lead Within saidenvelop and held separated thereby from the frame.

7. In an electrode, a pair of connected frames, a porous body comprisingloosely assembled metal lead -filaments supported by each frame, each ofwhich filaments is designed to be united with one or the other of saidframes, and a. body comprising an oxid of lead enveloped by saidfilaments and held separated :from the frames thereby.

8.,Inl an electrode, a pair of grid-like frames, a porous veiloi` metallead .filaments having their ends `secured to said frames and their bodyportions between the ends loosely assembled and covering said grids, andbodies comprising an oxid of lead applied to said porous Veils andseparated from the grids of the frames by said veils, saidframes-holding said bodies of oxid being united.l

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification, inpresence of two subscribing Witnesses. p

WILLsoN H. RoWLEY. Witnesses:

' EDWARD E. LONGAN, L. WALLAoE.

